Friday, 11 March 2016

Notes on Distribution

The role of a distributer:
  • To Identify the film's target audience.
  • Consider why the audience would want to go and see the film.
  • Estimate the potential revenue the film could make in both cinematic and home release.
  • Persuade exhibitors to show the film.
  • Develop plans and partnerships to promote the film.
  • Promote the film as much as possible to the target audience.

  1. Producers will make a deal to buy the rights to a story, and the distributers will acquire these rights with an acquisition deal put together by lawyers. This will happen through a sales agent acting on behalf of a producer, a studio that is constantly releasing new and great material, a studio whom the distributers have worked with before, or a studio that has signed a deal with the distributer to stay as a partnership for the release of a certain number of titles. If the film is planned to go international, then the distributer will also sell the rights off to other distribution companies in different countries. But this only happens for large blockbusters.
  2. Distributers will also come up with a release strategy which involves coming up with release dates and planning to send out the master print of the finished project.
  3. They also present the film out to exhibitors, who will then make deals on having it shown in cinema. 
  4. Once the film is prepared to go out to cinema, marketers will get together and try to make the film heard of as much as possible amongst the target audience.
  5. Film prints are then delivered to cinemas in digital format.
  6. The amount of time the film spends in cinemas depends on the demand of the film.
  7. Then the film is released into other formats for home entertainment. 

Wednesday, 9 March 2016

Mad Max: Fury Road and Ex Machina Case Study

Film 4

This company has a trend for indie films such as Carol, Slow West, and Frank. There is not a specific genre in films that this production company produces a variety of films such as Slow West being a Western and 12 Years a Slave being a biopic. Popular directors they have worked with would be Stevie McQueen and Danny Boyle. They are also not involved with any franchises though have done a handful of adaptations from other sources of media such as Wuthering Heights and Never Let Me Go. Their target audience here would be an older audience though not completely niche as films such as Slow West, The Inbetweeners Movie and Slumdog Millionaire seem intended for a larger audience. Film4 tends to produce low concept films though there are one of two high concept films such as The Inbetweeners Movie.

Village Roadshow Pictures

This company has trend for comedy movies though they have done more serious movies in the past such as In the Heart of the Sea and Mad Max: Fury Road. This production company tends to work with adaptations and franchises such as The Lego and Goosebumps franchise. Mad Max: Fury Road is a sequel to the Mad Max series. There is no directors that they are particularly interested in but they mainly work with directors who have done many family entertainment films in the past. Their target audience would mainly be family entertainment such as The Lego Movie and Goosebumps, but they have done a handful of movies that would be targeted towards adults and teens. This production company produce high concept films as most of them are generally 'what if' screen plays. 

 

Ex Machina


Director - Alex Garland
Producer and Production Company - Andrew Macdonald and Allon Reich, Film4
Screen Writer - Alex Garland
Actors - Alicia Vikander, Oscar Isaac, Domhnall Gleeson 
Budget - $15,000,000
Screens Shown On - ?
Box Office - $38, 200,000
Music - Ben Salisbury and Geoff Barrow, along with several soundtrack pieces
Marketing - On the dating app Tinder, the main character Ava had her own profile. If tinder users had a match then via text, they would be linked with an Instagram profile promoting the film. The film also included posters and trailers.
SFX - Special effects were used to create the character of Ava but not during filming, green screen and tracking markers were also not used and all special effects were added in post-production. Prosthetics, make-up, and filmings of both a shot with Ava and without Ava were done to create the robot effects. The double filming was done so the background could be captured.
Any Issues - The film did not have enough quality and potential for screenings in Sweden despite starring Swedish actress Alicia Vikander. 
Hardware Used - Shot for 4 weeks in 3 locations including Pinewood Studios. Cameras used were F65, F55, and recorded in 4K raw. These are not that good quality cameras which reflects on the money available for this film. Vintage lenses Cooke Xtal Express were used and deliberately chosen for the effect on the movie. He didn't want the movie to have the traditional hard blue effect on most sci-fi movies, so used these lenses to make the picture softer. 15,000 tine pea bulbs were put into the set so the director could control the lighting as much as possible.
Script - The script was 10-12 pages long because of the amount of dialogue in the film, most film scripts are not this long.
Filming - There were over 300 shots of the robot and no green screen or motion tracking was used. Practical effects and double filming was used to create the robot look. All the robot scenes were filmed twice, one with Ava and once without. Distortion and vintage lenses did give them issues.
VFX - Done by Double Negative (DNeg)
Release Date (UK) - 21st January 2015
Other Releases - Woman in Black 2: Angel of Death, Taken 3, American Sniper, Paddington, [REC] 4: Apocalypse
Release Date (USA) - 10th April 2015
Other Releases - Furious 7, Unfriended, Paul Blart: Mall Cop 2

Format - PAL
Other Content and Fan Based Material - Official Soundtrack, cast interviews,

Double Negative (Ex Machina visual effects team)

Background - First started in 1998 with 30 members of staff, now has 1,000 staff. It's Europe's largest provider of visual effects for film.
Where They're Based - London, Singapore, and Vancouver
Stats - Visual Effects
Effects they Offer - They offer all visual effects from animation, motion tracking, green screen, and practical effects.
Movies in Production - Wonder Woman, Cure for Wellness, Captain America: Civil War, Assassin's Creed, Jason Bourne 5
Movies Completed - Interstellar, Inception, Batman Begins, Harry Potter, Les Miserables

Mad Max: Fury Road


Director - George Miller
Producers and Production Company - Doug Mitchell, George Miller, and P.J.Voeten. Production companies were Kennedy Miller Mitchell, RatPac-Dune Entertainment, and Village Roadshow Pictures.
Screen Writers - George Miller, Brendan McCarthy, and Nico Lathouris. 
Actors - Tom Hardy, Charlize Theron, Nicholas Hoult
Budget - $150,000,000
Screens Shown On - 199,000
Box Office - $377, 600,000
Music - Junkie XL
Marketing - Trailers, posters, cast interviews, billboards, bus advertisements, tv spots. 
SFX - Practical effects were mostly used though CGI was used for enhancing landscapes, removing stunt rigging, and to take away Charlize Theron's arm as her character uses a prosthetic hand. The action sequences were filmed with Arri Alexa Pluses, Alexa Ms, Olympus PEN E-P5s, and Canon EOS 5Ds, especially for the crash scenes. Night scenes were also done in daylight and coloured over with lighting effects to make it appear darker.
Any Issues - There was originally supposed to be a fourth original Mad Max film by Warner Bros but due to financial difficulties, the film remained in development hell. But Miller reclaimed the rights to Mad Max and took over. Other issues came with casting Max because the original actor, Mel Gibson, had to be replaced both due to controversy surrounding the actor and also because Miller wanted Max to remain as a young character whereas Gibson would have been too old for such a part. The fourth Mad Max film was then put on hold once more due to the planned release date of 2001 being postponed due to the 9/11 attacks. A new release date scheduled for 2003 but due to security concerns with filming in Nambia, it was once again postponed. The fourth Mad Max film was eventually dropped all together once the Iraq war started and the film was deemed inappropriate with its apocalyptic war-like setting. In the end Miller decided to make the film a reboot. Filming was to begin on 2011 but it was once again postponed as the originally filming location had grown wildflowers due to heavy rainfall and this was inappropriate for the desert-like apocalyptic setting. Filming began 2012 but due to reports of the Nambia desert being vandalised during shooting, endangering wildlife and habitats, it had to be once again put on hold.

Hardware Used - ARRI Alexa cameras and Canon 5Ds, top notch cameras and high tech equipment. Was recorded digitally. Codex Onboard Recorders. The filmed scenes could be filmed in one place and then transmitted to a command vehicle for instant viewing.

Release Date (UK) - 14th May 2015

Release Date (USA) - 7th May
Other Releases - The Avengers: Age of Ultron, Pitch Perfect 2, Slow West, Tomorrowland, Poltergeist, San Andreas

Friday, 4 March 2016

Audience and Institution: Essay

Essay

Audience and Institution: Film Research

Film Research

Audience and Institution: Exhibition Issues

Issues Facing Cinema

Audience and Institution: Production Process

Production Process

Audience and Institution: Job Roles in the Film Industry

Job Roles in the Film Industry

Exam Preparation: Mis-En-Scene (Oliver Twist)

Mis en scene

Exam Preparation: Shot Types

Audience and Institution: The Martian Case Study

The Martian Case Study

The Plot: The Martian is an adaptation of a book with the same name by Andy Weir. It's a story about Mark Watney (Matt Damon), a botanist of the Hermes crew, a group of astronauts sent to Mars to collect samples of the red planet. But during the manned mission, a storm unexpectedly hits and the crew are forced to abort their mission and leave the planet. It is during this evacuation, that Mark Watney is injured and presumed dead, giving the crew no choice but to leave him behind. But Mark survived the storm and is now left alone on Mars to fend for himself.
With communications cut off, food running out, and another four years until the next Mars mission, Mark must find a way to survive on the seemingly inhabitable red planet. This means he must combine his knowledge as a botanist and also various other things he has learnt in the past to survive. Meanwhile, NASA have received clues on Mark's survival and are working out a way to bring him home. 
Genre: The film's genres are adventure, sci-fi, and drama. Because of the general setting in the film and the way it has been written, I believe it is aimed towards male teens and adults. This is because most sci-fi films have a market of males due to the popularity of this genre amongst that gender.  
Rating: The film's rating is 12A (PG-13) which would make it suitable for young teens though I think the target audience for this is older teens and adults due to the more sophisticated story line. 
Budget: The Martian has an estimated budget of $108,000,000 (£76,230,812)
Director: Ridley Scott directed this film and his most popular works such as Alien and Blade Runner, are also sci-fi films. Though due to these films being released in the 70s and 80s, his directing style has changed since then. Recently, Ridley Scott has directed the Alien prequel 'Prometheus' and although this film was given bad ratings by both critiques and movie-goers, the filming style is similar to The Martian. Things such as the camera shots used, effects, and even costume designs seem to be heavily recycled from Prometheus. 
Actors: The film stars Matt Damon (Mark Watney), Jessica Chastian (Melissa Lewis), Jeff Daniels (Teddy Sanders), Michael Pena (Rick Martinez), Sean Bean (Mitch Henderson), and Kate Mara (Beth Johanssen).
Matt Damon is very well known and has previously been in films such as Interstellar, The Bourne franchise, The Departed, and Saving Private Ryan. Sean Bean is also very well known and critically acclaimed, his most popular roles being in Game of Thrones, Lord of the Rings, and Golden Eye. 
Jeff Daniels is also a very well known actor with his most recognised film being the comedy 'Dumb and Dumber'. Jessica Chastian is currently not as well known though she is a rising star with films such as Interstellar and The Help. Kate Mara is also a rising in actress with her most well known roles being TV shows such as House of Cards and American Horror Story. 
Producer and Distributer(s): The Martian's main producer and distributer was Twentieth Century Fox which is owned by 21st Century Fox which is a mass media corporation. Other producers include TSG Entertainment, Scott Free Productions, Genre Films, International Traders, and Mid Atlantic Films. Other distributers include Big Picture 2 Films, Centfox Film, Warner Bros, Westec Media Limited, KVH Media Group, and SF Film Finland.  
Technology Involved: The film was filmed digitally in 2K, 4K, and 3D format. The film would have used CGI for scene touch ups on lighting and perfection of every shot. Green screen would have been used for certain scenarios such as character against background shots and when the actors are moving in zero gravity around the shuttle.
Release Date: 
UK: 24th September
USA: 27th September 
Screening: The Martian was released on around 21,538 screens mostly in the UK, USA, and China. 
Marketing: The Martian was marketed through a teaser trailer and trailer released mainly on Youtube, billboards, various interviews with the cast and several posters. Another viral marketing campaign involved NASA astronaut Michael J. Massimino sharing video diaries talking about the film.